Loris Fact 6: You can’t chew with somebody else’s teeth

Well that’s a Yiddish proverb, but the loris would agree, and most lorises really love their teeth. Being strepsirrhine primates, lorises have really neat teeth! I think the Albuquerque zoo keeper Howard Kaplan explains it best in his song about the slow loris:

Lower front teeth pointing forward

Form a sharp comb in their arc

They clean the fur where encrusted

And scrape the resin from bark!

The behaviour: You can see in this video how a slow loris uses its toothcomb to groom the beautiful soft fur of its companion – this is called allogrooming and guess what? All this solitary stuff is nonsense! Slow lorises are super social and the toothcomb is essential for grooming and maintaining social bonds!

The anatomy: The toothcomb in the slow loris is made up of four incisors and two canines (the teeth that normally look like fangs). So those two fang-like teeth you can see sticking out in the photos are actually premolars. this means that when traders cut out the lorises’ teeth, they are normally removing 8 teeth. This leaves the loris with only 2 premolars and 3 molars to eat with in the lower jaw.

Conservation implications: This is pretty terrible because the slow loris is specially adapted to eat exudates – gums and saps; in fact this can make up most of their diet, and without their toothcomb they cannot be reintroduced to the wild and can even starve to death in captivity. Also, the shattered roots of these broken teeth most often lead to infection and death in affected animals. Finally, it is very hard to reproduce the exudate diet in zoos. This is why many lorises (who eat too many fruits in zoos) get diabetes, dental cavities, become obese and die. Only with extremely specialised care do lorises without teeth even have a glimmer of hope to lead a happy life. Certainly most people keeping them as pets have no chance.

The Science:

Streicher U, Collins R, Navarro-Montes A, Nekaris KAI.  (2012).Exudates and animal prey characterize slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus, N. coucang and N. javanicus) diet in captivity and after release into the wild. In (Masters J, Genin F, Crompton R): Leaping Ahead: Advances in Prosimian Biology, Springer: New York.

Nekaris KAI, Starr C, Collins RL, Navarro-Montes, A. (2010) Comparative ecology of exudate feeding by Asian slow lorises (Nycticebus). In (Burrows A &Nash L, eds) The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates. Springer: New York. Pp: 155-168.

Swapna N, Radhakrishna S, Gupta AK, Kumar A. (2010) Exudativory in the Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis) in Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura, northeast India. Am J Primatol. 72(2):113-21.


The problem with ‘Slow loris eating rice’

In the last week, a new viral slow loris video has penetrated the internet. An undeniably adorable, wide-eyed slow loris eating a ball of sticky rice, sometimes one grain at a time. Oh my gosh – it is soooo cute!! Or is it?

Well, yes! Slow lorises are beautiful to the eyes of many cultures. They are elegant creatures whose grasping hands are adapted to hold tightly to branches, and snatch important insect prey. Those huge eyes allow them to move in the forest during the darkest nights.

The cruelty of loris pets just begins to unfold. The loris is in a brightly lit room that really hurts its eyes. It goes into super slow mode. Wild lorises can ZOOM 8 km a night on the horizontal (e.g. not counting all the runs they make up and down vines, lianes, trunks and branches). When they are terrified they sit and look wide-eyed in the horrified manner of that cutey in the video. That is why so many of the commentators pick up on his fear and write, “but why does he look so scared?”

Lorises have a fabulously specialised diet, which is why we hardly ever see them in zoos, and why so many die even under specialised care. They eat insects full of secondary compounds, flower nectar, and tree gum. Rice will make them very very ill indeed! A favourite quote of mine about the loris is…’In captivity they will eat fruit, but so will a lion eat rice, or a hungry man his boots, but not with much gusto.”

The video features the Vulnerable CITES Appendix I-listed greater slow loris, Nycticebus coucang, found only in a limited range in Malaysia, Sumatra, Southern Thailand and Singapore. This group probably comprises at least three species or subspecies, meaning their conservation threat will even be greater. This also is one of the rarest types of of lorises found in zoos, meaning the animal in the video is almost without doubt from illegal trade. Even in countries where it is legal to have primate pets, the animal must have come from a legal import, and the parents must also have been legal; otherwise it is ILLEGAL to keep the animal. Even if the animal is bred at a pet shop, the parents must have been legally imported!!  It is almost certain that this little loris is therefore illegal, and YouTube is violating laws by showing illegal activity – the possession of an illegal CITES I listed animal as a pet.

Please don’t ‘like’ or ‘thumbs up’ this video and encourage this cruel trade. The suffering of animals for the trade is many not including:

1. being ripped from the forest, shoved in bags and plastic crates with no food and water

2. babies dying on the mother’s belly in this process

3. pregnant mothers miscarrying

4. most have their teeth cut out to avoid the venomous bite and most die due to secondary infection

5.most cannot stand the terrible market conditions and die before being sold

6. the rest nearly die during illegal transit

7. those that make it as a pet die due to poor diet and ill kept conditions, and live just 1-2 years rather than the 20 years they would live in the wild

LEAVE LORIS IN THE FOREST

The Unusual Suspects!

Radio tracking in Cipaganti has begun in the beautiful  mountains of Garut! Follow @Jolorijo’s blog for all the news, but meet the lorises here…the first two families…

Row 1: One Eye’s family: Mama One Eye, Mr Azka and Baby Hesketh!

Row 2: Ena’s family – Baby Yogi, Mr Guntur and Mama Ena!

 

Dr Anna Nekaris: Saving the world’s cutest animal

Posted on 19/01/2012

It’s cute.   It’s cuddly.  And it’s the world’s only poisonous primate.  Dr Anna Nekaris on the slow loris.  And how you can help save it.  Peter Moore

Dr Anna Nekaris has dedicated her life to studying the slow loris, a real-life gremlin that is extremely cute but with a venom that can kill.  Now it’s also a YouTube superstar with millions of hits, fueling an illicit trade in the animals as pets.

In the The Jungle Gremlins of Java, a BBC programme, aired on January 25, Dr Anna Nekaris travels to the jungles of Java to solve the riddle of its toxic bite.  She talks to Peter Moore about lorises and the dangers they are facing.

Read more here

3 THOUGHTS ON “DR ANNA NEKARIS: SAVING THE WORLD’S CUTEST ANIMAL

Nigel Redman on 25/01/2012 at 21:11 said

I’m an ornithologist and have seen Slow Loris at an easily accessible location in west Java.  Please contact me if you require further information,

 

Ashley Wheat on 25/01/2012 at 23:22 said

After watching your programme the BBC  on the slow loris I feel truly inspired by your work and passion to help save this most wonderful, interesting and fascinating creature.

Following your comments that he slow loris could soon be extinct because of human exploitation and the illegal pet trade, I would like to ask how I can help in a campaign to save them, and secondly if I could offer advice to you in my area of expertise; multimedia computing, in helping you raise awareness.

Annalisa Fiorentino on 27/01/2012 at 16:04 said

Hey – I’m trying to start an official Facebook page based on your project.  Just wondering whether you already have one?  No point duplicating effort!

From 15 Cute Animals That Could Kill You….

Posted on 02/09/2011

Slow Loris

This animal might look like a harmless, big-eyed baby ewok, but the slow loris is one of the poisonous mammals in the world.  Its subtle nature makes it popular in the illegal pet trade, but unknowing humans should stay clear of its toxin, which is released from the sides of its elbows.  When threatened, the loris takes the toxin into its mouth and mixes it with saliva.  The animal will also lick its hair to deter predators from attack.  The toxin can cause death by anaphylactic shock.

But is it true? Amazing how this myth is all over the net!